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The Anti-Bureaucratic Revolution was a campaign of street protests ran between 1986 and 1989 in former Yugoslavia by supporters of Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević. The protests, termed "Rallies of Truth", overthrew governments of the Serbian autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo, as well as the government of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro, and replaced them with allies of Milošević, thereby creating a dominant voting bloc within the Yugoslav presidency council. The name is derived from the proclaimed revolt against bureaucratic and corrupt governing structures, but the campaign is widely considered as orchestrated by Milošević, in an attempt to strengthen his power through populist Serb nationalism, and the expansion of his centralised influence. The events were condemned by the communist governments of the western Yugoslav republics (especially SR Slovenia and SR Croatia), who successfully resisted the attempts to expand the "revolution" onto their territories, and turned against Milošević. The rising antagonism eventually resulted in the dissolution of the ruling League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1990, and subsequently in the breakup of Yugoslavia. ==Prelude: Milošević's rise to power== Milošević took control of Yugoslav Communist League's Serbian branch in September 1987, when his faction won over its opposition led by Ivan Stambolić. His rise to power coincided with Serbo-Albanian tensions in Kosovo, as Kosovo Serbs felt oppressed by Albanians and the Albanian-dominated leadership of the province. The tensions were further boosted by inflammatory reports in the Serbian media. According to the 1974 Yugoslav constitution, the two autonomous provinces of Serbia (Vojvodina and Kosovo) were largely independent from the central Serbian government, with both of them holding a seat in the Yugoslav Presidency, on par with the six constituent republics of Yugoslavia. In effect, their status was almost equivalent to republics' which enabled provincial leaderships of Kosovo and Vojvodina to lead practically independent policies. In late 1987 and 1988, a populist campaign started in Serbia which described that situation as untenable. Provincial leaderships were being accused of bureaucratic inefficiency and alienation from the people. Popular slogans like "Oh Serbia in three parts, you will be whole again" (Ој Србијо из три дела поново ћеш бити цела, ''oj Srbijo iz tri dela ponovo ćeš biti cela'') caught up. The atmosphere was further stirred up by numerous articles and readers' letters in Serbian press, the most notorious being ''Politikas rubric "Odjeci i reagovanja" (''Echoes and reactions''), a letters to the editor column which was used as a type of astroturfing. The main points of the campaign were the following theses: *Serbs in Kosovo are being harassed by Albanians and suppressed by the Albanian-dominated Kosovo government *Due to the 1974 constitution, Serbia has no effective control over its provinces, whose leaderships are bureaucratic and estranged from the people *It was also alleged that this Constitution was created by influence of other Yugoslav republic, especially Slovenia and Croatia, in order to suppress Serbia's power and create an environment for the exploitation of Serbia's natural resources *The constitution had, in effect, created a confederal type of government, as no decision could be made without the consensus of all six republics in the federal parliament; and a system with a better consideration of popular majority was called for (the slogan "one man, one vote" was one of the most popular) *Therefore, a thorough revision of the federal constitution and the enhancement of Serbian control over its provinces were necessary 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anti-bureaucratic revolution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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